In 3D printing, achieving maximum strength is crucial, especially for functional parts and mechanical components. Choosing the right print settings is essential to achieve optimal strength. In this article, we share a step-by-step guide to the best settings for a 3D printer so you can produce high-quality and strong prints.
1. Printing material:
- Choosing the right printing material is an important first step to achieving maximum strength. Materials such as ABS, PETG and nylon are often considered stronger compared to PLA. Consider using a filament suitable for functional parts and mechanical applications. The difference, of course, also lies in the processing of these filaments. PLA is easier to process than nylon, this should also be taken into consideration.
2. Layer height:
- Adjusting the layer height can affect the strength of a 3D print. A smaller layer height generally results in higher strength in the xy direction, but can increase print time. In general, a larger layer height is better for strength in the z direction. Try to choose a layer height that suits the required strength of the object and the desired print speed. Sometimes too high a layer height can actually reduce the strength because the hot end cannot fully cope with processing the material and the required power.
3. Fill pattern:
- The fill pattern affects the internal structure and strength of the print. A high fill (e.g. 80-100%) provides more material and higher strength, but can increase printing time and material use. Experiment with different fill patterns, such as grid or gyroid, and choose the pattern that provides the right balance between strength and efficiency. During our tests we often notice that a high fill pattern does not always provide more strength than the amount of wall thickness you give to a print.
4. Wall thickness:
- Adjusting the wall thickness can greatly influence the strength of a print. Thicker walls generally provide more strength, but can also affect print quality. Consider the application and requirements of the object and choose a suitable wall thickness. We recommend maintaining a wall thickness of at least 1.5 mm and scaling this up depending on use and print orientation.
5. Print Speed:
- Optimizing print speed can affect strength. Too high a print speed can result in less strong prints, while too low a print speed can increase the print time. For speed and where time is less applicable, a lower print speed should always be chosen in combination with a cooling fan that is not set to 100%, to guarantee adhesion between the layers.
6. Print Orientation:
- Print orientation can also affect the strength of your 3D print. In advance (preferably during the 3D design of the parts), the purpose of the object must be considered. Should it mainly have a high tensile strength in xy or in the z direction? Please also look at the printing technology you use. FDM 3D printing is not the strongest in all three degrees of freedom. Sometimes rotating or tilting the object on the build plate can improve strength.
7. Print bed adhesion:
- Good adhesion between the object and the print bed is important to prevent deformation during printing. Make sure you use the correct print bed adhesion techniques, such as using a suitable print surface (e.g. glass, PEI or Kapton tape) and correctly setting the print bed temperature. A solid bond helps ensure that the layers stay firmly together and contribute to the overall strength of the object. It may be possible to use products to achieve even better adhesion, such as certain sprays and other rollers.
8. Post-processing and post-processing:
- After printing, you may want to consider applying post-processing techniques to further improve the strength of your object. Sanding, polishing, coating or strengthening with epoxy resin are some examples of finishing processes that can increase the strength and improve the durability of your prints. You can also use this to ensure that it is waterproof, can withstand UV light better or becomes resistant to oils and other substances.
Remember that optimizing strength settings depends on several factors, such as the specific object, print material, printing conditions, and desired application. It is advisable to experiment, run small test prints and evaluate the results to find the ideal settings for maximum strength.
The best temperature for strong 3D prints can vary depending on the printing material used and the specific 3D printer. Each printer and filament manufacturer may have different recommended temperature ranges, so it is important to consult their guidelines and specifications.
In general, however, some guidelines apply to common printing materials:
- PLA (Polylactic Acid) : For PLA, the optimal printing temperature is usually between 190°C and 220°C. It is advisable to experiment within this temperature range and find the ideal temperature that provides the best strength and adhesion for your specific PLA filament.
- ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) : ABS requires a higher printing temperature than PLA. The usual temperature range for ABS is between 220°C and 250°C. Higher temperatures promote bonding between the layers, but it is important to prevent the filament from getting too hot and causing problems such as warping.
- PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) : For PETG, the optimal printing temperature is usually between 220°C and 250°C. This material typically requires a higher temperature than PLA, but lower than ABS. It is advisable to experiment within this range to achieve the best strength and quality.
It is important to note that other factors such as print bed temperature, ambient temperature and the use of an insulated print chamber can also affect the strength of the prints. Always experiment with temperatures and consider manufacturer's recommendations to determine the optimal settings for your specific printer and filament.